Muscular dystrophy is a disease which causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. It occurs due to the interference of abnormal or mutated genes with the production of proteins needed to form a healthy muscle. There is no specific cause of suffering from muscular dystrophy as it affects the person at a genetic level. The primary symptom of muscular dystrophy is progressive muscle weakness. Specific signs and symptoms of the disorder begin at different ages and in different muscle groups. Following are some types of muscular dystrophy based on different ages, symptoms, and muscle group: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) It is the most common and the most severe form of muscular dystrophy. Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) accounts for a total of 50 percent of total cases of muscular dystrophy. It is caused due to a deficiency of dystrophin, which is a protein that helps in strengthening muscle fibers, thereby, protecting them from injury. The DMD symptoms include unusually fat calf muscles due to fat accumulation, waddling when walking, and facing difficulties to rise from a sitting or a lying position. DMD usually develops in boys aged between three and five and progresses rapidly. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) Having similar causes as DMD, Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is also caused due to deficiency of dystrophin.

A form of arthritis, gout is characterized by an acute episode of severe pain and inflammation of the joints that often affects the big toe. It occurs when one has high levels of uric acid in the blood. This excessive uric acid then forms hard, urate crystals that accumulate around the joint. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down purines, substances that are naturally found in the body as well as certain foods. Under normal circumstances, the body eliminates the uric acid via kidneys when it is dissolved in the blood. However, the ability of the body to excrete the excessive uric acid, at times, might be affected by factors such as an unhealthy diet, obesity, certain types of medications, chronic conditions, and recent surgery or trauma. If gout is left untreated, it can lead to recurrent bouts of pain and swelling in the joint, affect other joints of the body, or form kidney stones. Fortunately, gout can be managed well with medications, diet, and home remedies. Treating gout To confirm the diagnosis, doctors will recommend a couple of tests that may include a joint fluid and blood exam, an X-ray, a dual energy CT scan, and an ultrasound.

A migraine is not just a headache; it is a complex neurological condition that affects the entire body and causes multiple symptoms even without a headache at times. Migraine is one of the most common health conditions, but researchers have still not found the exact cause of migraine, and there isn’t any definite method of diagnosing the condition. Despite unclear causes and diagnosis tests, there are ways to manage and reduce the symptoms and attacks although the condition is not completely curable, thereby reducing the disruption caused in everyday life. Treating migraine becomes the utmost priority of most people who suffer from the condition, and most often, patients are required to make several lifestyle changes to treat it. There can be four different approaches to treating a migraine, which include acute treatments, complementary treatments, preventive treatments, and self-help measures. Acute treatments : Acute treatments are often used to treat a migraine attack when it occurs and is available in different forms. Each form helps in relieving headaches and other migraine symptoms that enable the affected person to carry on their daily activities normally within 2 hours. Medications that come under acute treatments are available in different types, as mentioned: Over-the-counter treatments Anti-sickness treatments Prescription painkillers Migraine-specific drugs Complementary treatments :

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome affecting the soft tissues and muscles causing pain and discomfort. The symptoms of fibromyalgia include sleep problems, painful tender joints, chronic muscle pain, and fatigue. Diagnosing fibromyalgia The doctors check 18 specific points on a person’s body to examine how many of them are painful when pressed firmly. Newer diagnosis methods don’t require examining a tender pressure point. Instead, fibromyalgia can be easily diagnosed if a person has had widespread pain for more than three months without any underlying condition that could cause the pain. Apart from this, the following are some of the diagnostic procedures tests that can be used to confirm fibromyalgia: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a type of blood test that measures the response of erythrocytes (red blood cells). It examines how quickly the red blood cells settle at the bottom of the test tube containing the blood sample. Red blood cells usually settle very slowly. However, faster-than-normal rate indicates inflammation in the body. Cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) – The immune system produces cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, which are autoantibodies produced by the immune system to fight infections. This test detects and measures the amount of CCP antibodies in the blood.

It is valid to assert that modern surgery is made possible due to the use of effective and safe anesthesia. Without anesthesia, it is impossible to have a completely painless surgery. There are different types of anesthesia that are administered during surgery and there are several factors to be considered before the anesthesiologist administers it. Your personal medical history, the type of surgery you are undergoing, and the surgeon’s and your anesthesiologist’s preferences are taken into account while choosing the right type of anesthesia to be administered. Irrespective of the type of anesthesia being administered, the anesthesiologist will monitor you closely, including your breathing and blood oxygen level, heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, and electrocardiogram (EKG). The different types of anesthesia are as follows: General anesthesia Administering general anesthesia involves the use of medications that make the patient unconscious (asleep) and makes them numb so that they won’t feel any pain throughout the surgical process. Some of these medications are given via an intravenous therapy (IV), whereas others are administered in the form of gases through a breathing mask or tube with oxygen. General anesthesia is the most common type of anesthesia that is used for a majority of surgical processes.

Pain is a feeling of distress caused due to various internal or external stimuli. Medical professionals describe any pain as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience that is often a symptom of an underlying medical condition. It is also one of the most important reactions of the nervous system that alerts the body to a possible injury. Pain signals travel from the brain to the area of distress at any point throughout the body. Pain is one of the most common symptoms of a medical condition and often subsides when the injury or distress heals. However, there are some cases where pain can be chronic in nature with symptoms that persist as the brain continues to send signals to the affected area. Chronic pain can range from a few weeks, months, to even a couple of years in some cases with no proper recourse available in order to treat it. A headache, post-surgical pain, post-trauma pain, lower back pain, cancer pain, arthritis pain, neurogenic pain, and psychogenic pain are some of the most common types of pain. However, you must identify the common cause behind each individual trigger and that includes knowing the following medical conditions: Fibromyalgia It is one of the most common causes of widespread pain in various muscle groups and bones in the body.